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Trading glossary

Less jargon.More understanding.

A short reference for the terms you will meet in strategy factsheets, portfolio planning and account setup.

Algorithmic strategy

A defined set of rules that turns data into target exposures or trading decisions.

Allocation

The capital amount or percentage assigned to a strategy within your configuration.

Backtest

A model of how rules would have behaved on historical data under specified assumptions.

Benchmark

A reference series used for comparison. Its dates, costs and return calculation should be understood.

Buying power

The capacity available to place orders under your broker’s current account and margin rules.

Cash-flow-adjusted return

A return measure that accounts for money added to or removed from an account, using a defined method.

Correlation

A historical measure of how two return series move together. It can change over time.

Drawdown

A decline from a specified reference value or prior peak. Check the measurement convention.

Execution

The process of submitting and filling orders, subject to broker and market conditions.

Exposure

The extent to which an account is affected by an instrument, market or risk factor.

Fixed-capital allocation

A configuration that assigns a stated capital amount to a strategy, subject to account and execution constraints.

Hypothetical performance

A modeled outcome based on selected assumptions, rather than an actual customer’s executed result.

Leverage

Exposure greater than the capital supporting it. It can amplify losses and introduces additional constraints and costs.

Liquidity

The ability to trade an instrument in the required quantity at available prices.

Margin

Collateral and borrowing requirements imposed by a broker. Requirements can vary by instrument and change over time.

Netting

Combining overlapping targets in the same security when calculating an account-level position or order.

Out-of-sample

A research period or dataset not used in the stated model-development process. The precise testing design matters.

Paper trading

Trading in a simulated environment. It does not reproduce all live costs and execution constraints.

Risk trigger

A condition that instructs software to attempt a selected response. It is not a guaranteed maximum loss.

Slippage

The difference between an expected or reference trade price and the price actually achieved.

Target weight

The desired exposure to an instrument expressed relative to a specified capital base.

Turnover

A measure of trading activity over a period, calculated under the methodology being used.

Volatility

A measure of variability in returns. It describes one aspect of risk, not every possible loss scenario.

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